Hybrid drive in cars combines two or more different energy sources to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions. There are several different configurations of hybrid systems, but two basic types are most commonly used: parallel drive hybrids and series drive hybrids. Here's how each of those configurations works:
Hybrid drive with parallel system:
This configuration uses a classic internal combustion engine (most often a gasoline or diesel engine) and an electric motor working in parallel.
Both engines can power the vehicle together, providing improved power and efficiency.
While driving, the system automatically selects the best power source based on requirements and current conditions.
The electric motor can also act as a generator during braking, returning energy back to the battery, which is called regenerative braking.
This system enables driving on electric power only under certain conditions, which reduces emissions and fuel consumption.
Hybrid drive with serial system:
In this configuration, the vehicle is driven solely by the electric motor, while the internal combustion engine acts as a generator to charge the battery or provide additional power.
The internal combustion engine does not directly drive the wheels, but produces electricity to power the electric motor.
This system is often called "long-range electric driving" because the vehicle can run on electricity alone for most of the time.
Both hybrid drive configurations involve the use of batteries to store the electrical energy used to power the electric motor. The batteries are charged while driving, especially during braking, with regenerative braking and using the internal combustion engine.
The hybrid drive makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, especially in city driving and during deceleration. It also improves the overall energy efficiency of the vehicle and helps reduce the car's environmental footprint. Hybrid systems also often include smart power and energy management to optimize driving and efficiency, and enable different operating modes, such as full electric mode for shorter distances.
